Overview
About Breast Reconstruction
Breast reconstruction rebuilds the breast mound following mastectomy or lumpectomy as part of breast cancer treatment. It is one of the most meaningful procedures we perform — helping patients reclaim their sense of self and move forward after a profoundly difficult experience.
The Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act (WHCRA) of 1998 requires most insurance plans that cover mastectomy to also cover breast reconstruction, including reconstruction of the opposite breast for symmetry, prostheses, and treatment of complications. Our team will help you understand and navigate your insurance benefits.
Reconstruction can be performed immediately at the time of mastectomy (immediate reconstruction) or at a later date (delayed reconstruction). Both approaches have advantages, and the right timing depends on your cancer treatment plan, overall health, and personal preferences. Our surgeons work closely with your oncology team to coordinate your care.
At a Glance
Timing
Immediate or delayed reconstruction
Techniques
Implant-based or autologous (flap)
Insurance
Covered under federal law (WHCRA)
Facility
Accredited surgical suite
Recovery
Varies by technique — 2 to 6 weeks
Includes
Nipple & areola reconstruction available
Candidacy
Am I a Good Candidate?
Breast reconstruction is an option for most women who have undergone or are planning mastectomy or lumpectomy. The best time to discuss reconstruction is before your mastectomy, so your surgical team can coordinate your care. There is no age limit for reconstruction.
You May Be a Good Candidate If You:
- Have undergone or are planning mastectomy or lumpectomy
- Are in adequate health to undergo surgery
- Do not have active infection or uncontrolled medical conditions
- Have completed or are planning to complete cancer treatment (timing varies)
- Have realistic expectations about the reconstruction process and outcomes
- Want to restore breast shape and symmetry after cancer surgery
Surgery May Not Be Recommended If You:
- Have active infection at the surgical site
- Are currently undergoing radiation therapy (timing of reconstruction may need adjustment)
- Have significant uncontrolled medical conditions that increase surgical risk
- Are not emotionally ready to proceed with reconstruction
The Procedure
Reconstruction Options
Breast reconstruction is not a single procedure — it is a process that may involve multiple stages over several months. The two primary approaches are implant-based reconstruction and autologous (flap) reconstruction using your own tissue.
Implant-based reconstruction is the most common approach. It typically involves placing a tissue expander at the time of mastectomy, which is gradually filled with saline over several weeks to stretch the skin and muscle. The expander is then replaced with a permanent implant in a second procedure. In some cases, direct-to-implant reconstruction can be performed in a single stage.
Autologous reconstruction uses tissue from another part of your body — most commonly the abdomen (TRAM or DIEP flap) or back (latissimus dorsi flap) — to recreate the breast mound. This approach produces a more natural look and feel and does not require implants, but involves a longer recovery and additional scars at the donor site.
Nipple and areola reconstruction is typically performed as a final stage, after the reconstructed breast has fully healed and settled. Tattooing can be used to recreate the areola's natural color and appearance.
01
Consultation & Planning
Your surgeon meets with you and your oncology team to determine the best reconstruction approach and timing based on your treatment plan.
02
Mastectomy Coordination
For immediate reconstruction, your plastic surgeon coordinates with your breast surgeon to begin reconstruction at the time of mastectomy.
03
Expander or Flap Placement
A tissue expander (implant-based) or donor tissue flap (autologous) is placed to begin creating the breast mound.
04
Expansion Phase
For expander-based reconstruction, the expander is gradually filled over several weeks in office visits.
05
Implant Exchange or Refinement
The expander is replaced with a permanent implant, or autologous reconstruction is refined for optimal shape and symmetry.
06
Nipple Reconstruction
Nipple and areola reconstruction is performed as a final stage, completing the restoration.
What to Expect
Recovery Timeline
Stage 1
Weeks 1–4
Recovery from initial reconstruction. Activity restrictions apply. Drain management at home.
Expansion
Weeks 4–16
For expander-based: gradual fills in office. Mild discomfort after each fill is normal.
Stage 2
Weeks 1–3
Recovery from implant exchange or flap refinement. Shorter than initial recovery.
Final Stage
Months 6–12
Nipple reconstruction and tattooing. Full healing and final result visible.
Recovery timelines are estimates. Your surgeon will provide a personalized recovery plan during your consultation.
Outcomes
Your Results
Breast reconstruction restores the shape and appearance of the breast, helping patients feel whole again after mastectomy. While a reconstructed breast will not have the same sensation as a natural breast, most patients report significant improvement in body image and quality of life.
Results vary depending on the technique used, the amount of skin and tissue preserved at mastectomy, and whether radiation therapy is part of the treatment plan. Radiation can affect the quality of reconstruction and may influence the timing and technique recommended.
Our surgeons are committed to achieving the best possible symmetry and natural appearance. We will discuss realistic expectations for your specific situation during your consultation.
Informed Consent
Risks & Safety
All surgical procedures carry risk. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) requires that patients receive a thorough discussion of potential risks before consenting to surgery. Your surgeon will review all of the following — and any risks specific to your health history — during your consultation.
Infection
May require implant removal if severe. More common in patients who have received radiation.
Implant Complications
Capsular contracture, rupture, or malposition may require revision surgery.
Flap Complications
For autologous reconstruction: partial or complete flap loss is rare but possible.
Asymmetry
Achieving perfect symmetry between the reconstructed and natural breast is challenging. Revision procedures may be needed.
Donor Site Issues
For flap reconstruction: scarring, weakness, or contour changes at the donor site.
Radiation Effects
Prior or planned radiation therapy can increase complication rates and affect the quality of reconstruction.
Sensation Changes
The reconstructed breast will not have normal sensation. Some feeling may return over time.
Need for Revision
Reconstruction is often a multi-stage process. Additional procedures for refinement or symmetry are common.
Our commitment to your safety: Our surgeons perform procedures only in our accredited surgical facility, with board-certified anesthesia providers and a trained nursing team. Thorough pre-operative screening and patient selection are the most effective tools for minimizing surgical risk.
Explore More
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Ready to Learn More?
Schedule a private, no-obligation consultation with one of our board-certified surgeons. We will answer every question and create a personalized plan for you.